(R n, A, G, LE and H is the net wave radiation, anthropogenic heat discharge, ground heat flux, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, respectively.) Physically, the retrieved land surface temperature (LST) from remote sensing satellite images can be regarded as the following function of SEB components : However, solar radiation regularly changes with the season and shows little difference under similar weather conditions. human metabolism, building energy consumptions and vehicle traffic emissions) and solar radiation from the sun represents the two major sources of urban heat. ), anthropogenic heat released by human activities (e.g.
According to the surface energy balance (SEB), ,, ] ( Fig. Meanwhile, the outbreak of COVID-19 combined with the Chinese lunar new year (Spring Festival), above 30% of residents went back to their home town for Spring Festival, making big changes in population size and human activity in some Chinese cities. These changes caused less energy consumption for cities during the lockdown period than on normal workdays, which reduced CO 2 emissions and anthropogenic heat release. Numerous factories were also closed due to the epidemic effect. Therefore, human outdoor activities, such as transportation, shopping and traveling, were reduced. To limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries closed their borders, locked down their cities, and confined residents to their homes. The above findings imply that it is necessary to apply different methods for various urban land uses and alleviate urban heat island.ĬOVID-19 has changed our daily life. However, the population size and human outdoor activity changes did not modify the spatial distribution of the urban thermal environment, because the same trends were observed for various urban land use and LCZ classes, which illustrated that the contribution of anthropogenic heat discharge on the urban thermal environment is relatively weaker. Among the LCZ classes, the built-up classes also tended to have a larger SUHI nc than the natural land cover classes. As a result, the normalized surface urban heat island changes (SUHI nc) decreased by 9.41% at the city level, and a larger SUHI nc occurred in commercial and industrial land. The results showed that the population size decreased in most urban land use and LCZ classes due to the Spring Festival and epidemic effects, which caused residents to leave Wuhan City.
To find its changes on the impact of urban thermal environment, we applied Pearson correlation analysis and OLS linear regression model from the perspective of urban land use and the local climate zone (LCZ) scheme, and selected Wuhan City in China as a case study. The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020 reduced human outdoor activities and changed the spatial-temporal distribution of the population.
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